Caput I. The Globe

by Michael Lambert

April 2023

Caput I. The Globe

by Michael Lambert

April 2023

It is now April, and the Nightingale begins to tune her throat against May: the Sunny showers perfume the aire, and the Bees begin to goe abroad for honey: the Dewe, as in Pearles, hangs vpon the tops of the grasse, while the Turtles sit billing vpon the little greene boughs: the Trowt begins to play in the Brookes… Nicholas Breton. 1626

During the course of this three-part series, April to June; we will look at the writings of two Renaissance men: Robert Hues, 1553-1632; an English sea captain and mathematician and Hessel Gerritsz, 1581-1632; Amsterdam’s leading cartographer

The intent of this paper is to present Classical Latin written during Europe’s Renaissance Era. Hues and Gerritsz are the sons of the rising middling class. Their education began at the local grammar school. The curriculum stressed a range of subjects, but always; Latin. The Latin that was taught was not that of the aristocracy nor the intelligentsia nor the clergy.
New Latin, as it was called, introduced vocabulary to meet society’s evolving social and technical needs. Hues and Gerritsz likely, and respectively, spoke English and Flemish. Professionally, they wrote and spoke Latin

Read the Renaissance selections through seventeenth century eyes…you’ll be surprised and delighted

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Globos, quod ad nostrum spectat institutum, vocamus analogicas coeli terraeque imagines… is the opening sentence of Robert Hues’ comment on the globe. The Globe, toward which we look is the analogy we call the instrument of image of heaven and earth… These words are taken from Hues, his writings as found in his: Tractatus de globis et eorum usu, Treaties on Globes and Their Use

Robert Hues graduated from St. Mary Hall, Oxford University in 1578; with studies in mathematics and geography. He then attended a school on navigation which was owned by Sir Walter Raleigh. Hues was tutored by Raleigh. Shortly afterward, Hues made a trip to Newfoundland. He noted compass variations were in error and published corrected compass bearings. Hues participated in a circumnavigation of the globe, taking astronomical observation and latitude readings 1586-88. In 1591, Hues again participated in a second circumnavigation of the globe commencing 1591, with particular emphasis on the South Atlantic Ocean and Equatorial regions. Hues published his findings in Latin in the Tractatus (published in 1594, cited above). Hues, back in England continued working with Raleigh

Late in life, Hues returned to Oxford. In recognition of his scientific work, with emphasis on mathematics, Oxford University made him a Fellow. He passed his final days tutoring students and discussing mathematics with like-minded friends

Globos, quod ad nostrum spectat institutum, vocamus analogicas coeli terraeque imagines, non solum propter formam, quia Rotundi; ut sunt coelum et terra cum interfluo mari: sed praecipue quia coeli sidera suis imaginibus et Asterismis (Constellationes vocant) expressa, terraeque tractus et regiones, singula sua proportione, magnitudine, et distantia expressa, nobis exhibent; delineates etiam ad eorum usum circulis tum maioribus tum minoribus, quos in coelo terraque congrue suis observatis conceperunt artifices. Circuli autem maiores sunt, qui totam Globi superficiem in aequales duas portiones dispescunt. Minores, qui in duas inaequales dirimunt

Latitudo est distantia, qua Zenith aut vertex alicuius loci ab aequatore removetur. Hanc si velis cognoscere, expressum aliquem locum in Globo, Meridiano applica, et numera gradus in Meridiano, quibus idem locus ab aequatore distat, tanta enim erit dati loci latitudo. Hoc etiam adverterre licebit, latitudinem cuiusvis loci aequalem esse elevationi poli eiusdem loci. Quot enim gradibus vertex alicuius loci distat ab aequatore, totidem polus ab Horizonte attolletur, si eiusdem loci verticem ita statuas, ut 90 gradibus Horizonte undiquaque distet

Hues in his opening paragraph expresses himself in four sentences. The paragraph’s first sentence, is run-along, and it is only at the end of the paragraph do three short sentences appear. The effect of the run-on sentence is a breathlessness that expresses the wonderment and majesty of the Globe: ut sunt coelum et terra cum interfluo mari, that the heaven and the earth interflow with the sea. The first sentence ends thus: …tum maioribus tum minoribus, quos in coelo terraque congrue suis observatis conceperunt artifices, …then the greater then the lesser, who in the heaven and the earth come to unite the observations of the actors

The second paragraph directs the reader to the practical pursuit of locating oneself on the Globe, remember well navigation and mathematics were Hues’ forte: Hanc si velis cognoscere, expressum aliquem locum in Globo, Meridiano applica, et numera gradus in Meridiano, quibus idem locus ab aequatore distat, tanta enim erit dati loci latitude. This wish if known somebody’s location in the Globe at Midday [noon] applies, and the number of degrees in the Midday, the same location from the equator stands apart, of such size, truly will give the location of the latitude

May you have favourable winds…